My last post....

This is my last post on this blog. I've created a new site, and moved some of my posts over to that site.

Please update your bookmarks to point to: RobertTadlock.com

See ya there.

Perl script for creating time lapse videos from a GoPro HD camera

A few months ago, I bought a GoPro HD helmet cam. It takes 1080p video at 30fps, and is basically bomb proof. Video is not the only thing this little beast does, however. It has a mode to take continuous still pictures at given intervals ( 2,5,30,60 seconds ). Because it has a rather nice glass, wide angle lens, you can capture a lot in a single shot. This camera basically does all the hard work for you, so all you have to do is stitch the pictures back together. If you remember correctly (and you probably don't, because let's face it, who reads this blog?), I did a post on how to use ffmpeg to do stuff. In there I showed how you could use ffmpeg to create time lapse videos from stills. Basically you just do the following:

ffmpeg -r 15 -b 1800 -i IMG_%04d.JPG movie.avi

Anyway, this works for the GoPro as well (except the regex for the image name), but you get a cropped square picture, and pretty poor compression. So how do we fix that? Like so:

ffmpeg %d.JPG -r 12 -croptop 180 -cropbottom 180 -s hd720 -vcodec ffv1 movie.avi

Again, the name regex is incorrect in this case, but I'm just using this for demostration. So, this solves the problem of formatting the video to your liking, but there are two other issues that need to be accounted for:

1. When taking more >1000 images the GoPro makes a new folder and starts the image count over again. So your images end up in folders like 100MEDIA, 101MEDIA, so on and so forth.

2. You now have images with the same name in multiple folders.

The problem with this is the way ffmpeg handles the input of still images. It would be nice if you could just input *.jpg, but you can't. Because you have to have your images named sequentially, you can't delete pictures out of the sequence either.

Because of these problems, I wrote a perl script that grabs all the images in any of the MEDIA folders, resizes and renames them, by modified time, and then puts then in a single folder. It then creates the movie for you. Here is the script:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

@files = <*MEDIA/*.JPG>;

@sorted = sort{ -M $b <=> -M $a } @files;

mkdir( "resize" );
for($i = 0; $i <= $#sorted; $i++)
{
$j = $i+1;
`convert -resize 2048 $sorted[$i] resize/$j.JPG`
}

`ffmpeg -y -i resize/%d.JPG -r 12 -croptop 180 -cropbottom 180 -s hd720 -vcodec ffv1 movie.avi`;

To make this script run on Windows:

1. Install Perl from ActiveState - ActivePerl
2. Install ImageMagick - Windows Bins
3. Save the above script into a file called "makeMovie.pl"
4. Copy all the MEDIA folders from your GoPro to a folder on your machine once you've captured your images
5. From the command line, switch into the folder with your MEDIA folders and copy the perl script into the folder
6. Run the perl script

To run this on Linux (Ubuntu):

1. Install imagemagick - sudo apt-get install imagemagick
2. Copy the above script into a file called "makeMovie.pl"
3. From the command line chomod the file - chmod +x makeMovie.pl
4. Copy your MEDIA folders from your GoPro to a folder
5. Copy your perl script into the same folder as the MEDIA folders
6. Run the perl script

Here's a few examples of what you get:



And one from skiing:

Using ffmpeg to manage video

This is going to be a quick and dirty how-to on ffmpeg and you can find this stuff all over the net (well except the slow motion trick, I couldn't find that anywhere). Here goes:

Where to get ffmpeg
Ubuntu - sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
Windows - Install ImageMagick or Use a binary someone has built

Mac - Aren't you using Final Cut anyway? [Edit: Use this guide to build ffmpeg on the Mac]

Easiest way to convert video

ffmpeg -i video.wmv -sameq video.mpg

Create video from a series of images

Assuming your images are named like this - IMG_0001.JPG, IMG_0002.JPG...

Also, I'm setting the frame rate low here.

ffmpeg -r 15 -b 1800 -i IMG_%04d.JPG movie.mpg

Create a time lapse from a regular video

movie.mpg is the original, and I'm going to save every 5th frame. Then we stitch them back together.

ffmpeg -i movie.mpg -r 5 -f image2 %d.jpg

ffmpeg -b 1800 -i %d.jpg tt_movie.mpg

Make a video slow motion (kind of a hack, but I couldn't find another way)

This will make images from every frame in the clip. Then you stitch them back together with a different frame rate. The lower the rate, the slower the vid.

ffmpeg -i movie.mpg %d.jpeg

ffmpeg -r 10 -b 1800 -i %d.jpg tt_movie.mpg

Add audio to a video

ffmpeg -sameq -ar 22050 -ab 32k -i song.mp3 -i video.mpg videoWithMusic.mpg

Make an image into a video clip (for an intro or credits or something)

This will play for 10 seconds

ffmpeg -loop_input -i image.jpg -t 10 -r 30 -qscale 2 vid.mpg

Trim a video

This will clip the first 30 seconds of the video

ffmpeg -i video.mpg -sameq -ss 00:00:00 -t 00:00:30 trim.mpg

Stitch clips together (no ffmpeg needed)

This only works with a few formats. I tend to always work with mpeg, so this works great for me

cat video.mpg video2.mpg video3.mpg > finalVid.mpg

Geotagging photos with your iPhone

Ever since I starting using my iPhone to take photos and upload them to the net, I've really become interested in geotagging my photos. I didn't realize how cool it is to be able to see your photos on a map (or Google Earth) until all my photos started showing up tagged (thanks to the GPS in the iPhone). Having low res photos tagged is cool and all, but I want to tag them with my SLR. You could buy an adapter for you camera from Amazon or you could just use the GPS you're carrying with you every where you go. Here's how:

First, get an app from the app store that logs GPS data points. There are a ton of them, and one app specifically tailored to this called GeoLogTag. Anything that allows you to export your data in a GPX file with times should work. I just use MotionX GPS because it's super cheap for what you get, I use it for hiking as well, and it makes it super easy to share/get the GPX file.

Next you'll need an app that allows you to tie your GPS location and timestamps to your photos. There is a ton of software that does this, but I chose to use a perl script because I wanted something cross platform and any time I can use the command line, I'm happy. You can find the handy dandy perl script called gpsPhoto here. You'll need to install two more perl packages if you don't already have them installed. The site goes over how to install them if you don't already know how.

So let's go step by step:

0. Make sure the time is set correctly on your camera.
1. Turn on MotionX GPS and start logging.
2. Walk around and take pictures like a mofo.
3. When you're done taking pictures, stop MotionX, save the track, and email yourself the GPX log (called sharing in MotionX)
4. Go home and dump the pictures from your camera into a folder.
5. Fire up a command window and change into the directory where you pictures are.
6. Run the perl script. Here is the command I used:

./gpsPhoto.pl --dir geotag --gpsfile Track.gpx --timeoffset 21600

There are a ton of options that you can use, but these 3 should get you by. The first two args are pretty self explanatory, but the third isn't at first. The timeoffset is the UTC offset in your timezone in seconds. I live in Denver, and my offset is 7 hours, minus 1 hour since we are on daylight savings. Just google the local time in your city if you don't know what your offset is, and then multiply that by 60 minutes and 60 seconds.

Anyway, this should get you started, and I was able to get this to work on Windows, Mac OSX, and Ubuntu, so you should be able to follow my instructions on any OS that supports perl. Lastly, you can use any old GPS to get the GPX file, it's just a matter of having your GPS with you as well as the ease of getting the GPX file to your computer.

Some Perl code for the Nike+iPod serial adapter

The other day, I came across a nice tutorial on using a Nike+iPod adapter as a kind of active RFID to unlock your car doors. I immediately thought of a need that I have to be able to open my garage door while pulling up on my motorcycle. It's kind of a hassle to reach in my pocket and open the door, and why should I have to do that? Anyway, I had a Nike+iPod kit at home that I don't really use, as well as an Arduino, so all I needed to do was buy the adapter from Spark fun electronics in Boulder (my favorite place to spend money). So I put in the order, and in a few days I had the adapter that came with a nice VB app that allows you to immediately plug the adapter into your computer and start listening for "foot pods". The next thing I wanted to do was create a Perl script to listen for the pods so that I could use the adapter on Linux and maybe my Mac. So after a few hours, I have a script that works on Windows, and has successfully worked on my girlfriends Ubuntu laptop, but to date is not working on my Intel Mac mini or my Ubuntu server.

Here are the steps you need to follow to get the script up and running:

1. On Linux/Mac - Install Device::SerialPort using CPAN
a. On Windows - Install Win32::SerialPort using CPAN (make sure to follow all directions. On Windows, it's a little more involved)
b. And install Win32-API using PPM (I use ActiveState, so it has PPM)
2. On the Mac, I needed to install the UART driver from here. It seems as of Kernel 2.6 the driver is included in Linux.

You can download the Perl script (called pod.pl) from Drop.io.

After you get the script, you may need to edit the port that your adapter is running on, and you can figure that out by going to the device manager in Windows, using dmesg on Linux, or using the System Profiler on Mac OS X.

Then just fire up the script, and it will start listening for "foot pods" and dumping out the ID as well as the raw data received from each pod.

I'll be using the adapter with my Arduino soon, and I'll post details on that project, as well as any updates I have on getting the adapter to work on the Mac.

Solar powered Mac Mini

A little backgound
I live in a ~750 sq. foot apartment with my girlfriend and dog, and my utility bill was ~$100. That seemed a little high, so I went to work on bringing down the bill. I first replaced all the light bulbs with either compact florescent or L.E.D bulbs as well as set my Mac to turn off at night and back on in the morning, on a schedule. These two actions alone, brought the bill down to ~$75. This was nice, and we've been living with this bill since Christmas, but I knew we could do better. I'm sure that most of the bill is made up of the dryer and my server that I run 24 hours a day, but things like the laptops we both have, the phone/camera chargers, and my Mac could be run completely off of solar power.

What you'll need
Before this project, I knew nothing about solar power, batteries, how to measure power consumption, or how to hook it all up. After some research, I was able to piece it all together, and I now have a working solar system.

So, how do you build it? It all breaks down to the following materials:

1. Solar panels
2. A charge controller
3. A battery or batteries
4. A power inverter
5. Wiring

First things first, the panels. There are a ton of places to get panels, but since I'm new to this, and I love Amazon, I felt I probably couldn't go wrong just getting them online at Amazon. The first thing I did was search Amazon for "Solar Panels". I got a ton of hits, that ranged from 5 watts, to a few hundred watts. I wasn't sure how many watts I needed, so I didn't just want to buy anything. I took a look at the Google, and figured out how to calculate the watt/hours your electronic uses. The quick and dirty is this:

Take a look at the back of your equipment for a tag that has info about the power output. You'll see something like "writing... 100v ~ 2.5a ...more writing". To figure out the watt/hours, you take the Volts x the Amps. So the above calculation, would be 100v X 2.5a = 250w. Now add up all the watts from all the appliances you want to run, and then you'll know how much power you need to run your equipment. I figured my Mac takes around 40Watts and if I wanted to run it for 8 hours, I need to be able to make 320Watts of power. I was conservative and figured I'd only have about 5 - 6 hours of good sun a day. That means I could probably get away with a 60w system. So I went back to Amazon, and I after browsing, decided on a Sunforce 60w kit. This kit came with the panels, and it also came with an inverter, charger controller, and wiring. And best of all, I got it for $300.

So, all I needed now, was a battery. You'd think I could just buy any old car battery, and I'd be set. This is probably true, but there are some things to take into consideration. First, and most important is safety. You need to remember, that standard lead acid batteries will leak flammable gases when charged as well as become pretty hot. That being said, if you have a dry, ventilated, fire-walled area, you can build a nice battery cluster for a good price. This is not the case for me, so I needed to explore other avenues. If you plan on running your system in your house, you'll probably want to look into agm sealed batteries. These batteries don't leak gases, but do still get hot. There is a premium to pay for no gases though, and if you can use standard lead acid batteries, you should.

Because I practice agile, I believe in building a vertical slice of the system before I build in bells and whistles. Because of this, I went with a simple charge controller, and I am starting with a one battery system. As you search for batteries, you'll notice that there are a lot to choose from and they range from pricey to expensive. I decided on a Duracell powepack 600 (for $130) not because it's the best battery for the job, but because it is not just a battery (it had a built in 600w inverter), and if I decided that I don't have room for my panels and system, I'd be able to use my battery for many other things. Plus, when I have my vertical slice complete and have work out the kinks, I'll build a true battery cluster.

Putting it all together

The first thing I did was lay all my panels out:



You'll want to build a frame to hold your panels. The Sunforce kit came with a PVC frame, but you could easily build this yourself.



Next I attached the panels to the frame.



I then laid out all the wires, and examined the mess.



It's important to keep in mind that you need to maintain a 12v system. That means when adding panels, or batteries to the system, everything needs to be in parallel (positive to positive, negative to negative). As long as you keep that in mind, you should be pretty safe and not damage anything. My panels came with a four way connector that wires them in parallel, but when I add more panels, I'll need to figure out how to splice the new panels in. Also important to note, is that the inverter that came with the panels, is only a 200w inverter. If you plan on running anything bigger than a laptop computer, you may want to think about investing in a bigger inverter. I am using a 600w inverter.

Once my batter came in, I just needed to hook it all up. I first charged my battery from AC over night, to get it topped off.



Then I mounted the solar panels on the outside of my second story apartment balcony.



I used 10 inch house clamps and hung the panels from the top rail. This allows them to swing out and catch more sun.

I also bundled all the wiring with zip ties.



Here is what they look like from the ground.



Here is what they look like making free power.



I've been running the system for about a week now, and I love it. I charge my phone on it every day, run my laptop off it every night, and I've had the TV and Mac hooked up to it. I'll be rearranging my entertainment system, so that the Mac can use the battery everyday as well. I've run the battery all the way down once (we've had a few days of rain, that didn't allow the battery to charge all the way), but otherwise it's charged and ready to go everyday when I get home. When using my laptop, I get about 7 hours off the battery. When using the TV, I get about 3 hours.

The future of the system

The next thing I will be doing, is building a Tweet - a - watt and attaching it to the inverter, so see exactly how much power I'm using from the sun.

A few months down the road, I'd like to buy a two or three stand alone lead acid batteries, and build a cluster and put it in a box on the balcony. After that, I'll probably buy a few more panels, as I'd like to ultimately have a 100w system.

Finding people who do stuff instead of just talk about it

Over the last few months, I've been more and more interested in tinkering with things, building stuff just for the hell of it, and making my life more efficient. Most of the time when I talk about my projects to the people I work with (like my current solar powered Mac mini project), I get an odd look and then the inevitable, "but why?". Why is it so hard to find people that like to build shit just for the experience of learning something?

I follow a ton of blogs, news, and other random feeds, and I just don't hear that much about things going on in Denver. But, after a little searching, I managed to find a few things. First was an Autonomous Vehicle Competition put on by Spark Fun Electronics in Boulder:



It took place on a Thursday, so I had to dip out of work for a bit, but it was well worth it. There were a ton of people all interested in building things, how stuff works, and sharing their ideas about stuff. I talked to a few people, and because I was Twittering the event, I had five new Boulder area Makers following me on Twitter by the time I got back to the office. It's nice to have a few friends on Twitter, that you know IRL BTW.

I left that event inspired, and really ready for more. And, as luck would have it, the first Denver area maker meet up was scheduled on April, 23. I found out about this on the Make blog. This was in the evening, so I rode down there and checked it out. John Maushammer was the guest speaker, and he gave an excellent presentation on his home made pong watch:



My jaw was literally on the floor listening to this guy. He's definitely a top notch maker.

I was able to meet a few more people, and I realized that some of the people at the Sparkfun event were here too. I'm pretty excited about meeting new people, and learning as much as I can.

Thanks Hulu, I'll be returning to bitTorrent

Update: Here is a LifeHacker link that explains how to put Hulu back into Boxee: Hackers FTW!!


I have been using an application named Boxee for quite some time now, and it has completely changed the way I consume TV. It allows me to watch streaming content from my computer on my TV with a super slick interface. Because of this, I've stopped downloading shows (that are in HD with no commercials) from bitTorrent and now watch almost all my shows in lower quality with commercials. Yeah I can't believe what I just wrote either.

The point I'm trying to make is, people will, if given the chance, use legal means to watch TV/movies and listen to music even if the legal alternative isn't as high quality as what they could steal. I want content creators to get paid. I understand the circle of life and by no means do I expect people to make content for free. What I do expect, and I don't think it's unreasonable, is to get my media for a reasonable price with reasonable limitations. Amazonmp3.com is a perfect example of what I'm talking about: fair priced music that doesn't have DRM on it so I can listen to it on the many media devices I own or will own in the future.

So to come full circle, I point you to a recent Boxee blog post that says they will be removing Hulu.com from Boxee because Hulu's content providers don't want Boxee to stream the content. So let me get this strait, Hulu (or the powers that be) want to stop 100k plus streams of publicly available content that has all the original commercials/content because people aren't going to Hulu.com? I don't get advertisements when I visit Hulu, so what source of revenue is getting bypassed? Well if this isn't the most short sighted move I've seen in a long time, I don't know what is.

All I have to say is now I won't be using Hulu at all. In fact, I'll discourage people from doing so by explaining to them the bad they are doing (much like I do with iTunes), and I'll probably go back to getting shows that are commercial free. So I see this as a lose-lose situation. Hulu doesn't get to advertise to me any more (and Boxee doesn't allow you to fast forward), and I have to starting waiting a few days to get my shows.

Let your dog Twitter with TwitPic, Perl, and Motion

Update: I guess I should give her twitter account huh? It's Twitter.com/Bailey_Boo_Bag

About a week ago or so my girlfriend Kim decided to create a Twitter account for our dog Bailey. She's been updating it and occasionally, I'll update it, but I didn't really want to update two Twitter accounts, so I decided to figure out a way to let Bailey Twitter herself. I wanted Bailey to be able to upload pictures and messages when she moves around the house. I have a webcam that I don't use very often, so I decided to write a perl script that would upload pictures to TwitPic.com and update Twitter with the TwitPic link. I also wanted this to be triggered from motion detection, so I also decided to use a great Linux application appropriately named Motion, but I digress.

First the perl script. I decided to make the act of uploading the picture and updating Twitter it's own self contained script so it could be used on it's own or for other things and it works on Windows, Linux, and Mac. I don't have a place to host the script, so here it is (just copy and paste it):

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use LWP::UserAgent;
use HTTP::Request::Common;
use Getopt::Long;

# Values to use when uploading to TwitPic
# You can change these defaults and you can
# override them with the command line options
my $picture;
my $username = 'uname'; # This has to be your twitter username, not your email
my $password = 'pass'; # Twitter password
my $message = 'Testing a perl script'; # message you'd like to post
my $uploadOnly = 0; # Upload only, don't update Twitter
my $verbose = 0;

# These can be changed if the TwitPic API
# locations change
my $uploadAndPostSite = "http://twitpic.com/api/uploadAndPost";
my $uploadOnlySite = "http://twitpic.com/api/upload";

GetOptions( "help|h|?" => sub { Usage() && exit( 0 ) },
"picture=s" => \$picture,
"username=s" => \$username,
"password=s" => \$password,
"uploadOnly" => \$uploadOnly,
"verbose" => \$verbose,
"message=s" => \$message ) or Usage() && exit( -1 );

if( !$picture || !$username || !$password )
{
print "ERROR: Please provide all required arguments\n";
Usage() && exit( -1 );
}

if( ! -e $picture || ! -f $picture )
{
print "ERROR: The picture you specified doesn't seem to exist\n";
exit( -1 );
}

if( $verbose )
{
print "Attempting to upload pic to TwitPic with the following options:\n";
print "Picture: $picture\n";
print "Username: $username\n";
print "Password: $password\n";
print "Message: $message\n";
print "Upload only: ";
if( $uploadOnly )
{
print "Yes";
}
else
{
print "No";
}
print "\n\n";
}

my $response;
my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new( env_proxy => 1,
keep_alive => 1,
timeout => 30 );
if( $verbose )
{
print "Uploading picture to TwitPic.com...\n";
}

if( $uploadOnly )
{
$response = $ua->request( POST $uploadOnlySite,
Content_Type => 'multipart/form-data',
Content => [
media => ["$picture"],
username => $username,
password => $password ] );
}
else
{
$response = $ua->request( POST $uploadAndPostSite,
Content_Type => 'multipart/form-data',
Content => [
media => ["$picture"],
username => $username,
password => $password,
message => $message ] );
}

if( !$response->is_success )
{
print "ERROR: There was a problem while trying to contact to TwitPic\n";
die $response->status_line;
}

if( $verbose )
{
print "Done trying to uploading picture, checking response for errors\n";
}

# I guess we could actually use XML::Parser to parse this, but it's kind of
# over kill in this situation
if( $response->content =~ /stat="fail"/ )
{
$response->content =~ /msg="(.*)"/;
print "\nERROR: There was an error uploading your picture to TwitPic\n";
print "INFO: $1\n";
exit( -1 );
}

# If verbose, print out the response, so the user can access the picture
if( $verbose )
{
print "\nUploade successful, here are the details:\n";
$response->content =~ /(.*)<\/mediaid>/;
print "Media id: $1\n";
$response->content =~ /(.*)<\/mediaurl>/;
print "Media url: $1\n";

}

sub Usage()
{
print "\n";
print "updateTwitter.pl --username user --password pass --picture pathToPicture [--message messageToTwitter] [--uploadOnly]\n\n";

print "--username\tYour Twitter.com username\n";
print "--password\tYour Twitter.com password\n";
print "--picture\tPath to the picture you want to post\n";
print "--message\tOptional message to Tweet with your picture\n";
print "--uploadOnly\tUpload to TwitPic.com only and don't Tweet. This will ignore any message passed in\n";

}

You can set default values in the script and then all you need to do is pass in a picture, or you can use the command line options to override all the options. I set up defaults for everything, and have been just calling the script with the --picture option and the --message option.

Now all you need to do is set up your webcam application. As I said, I used Motion, so I'll show you how to set that up, but I'm sure you could do this with WebCamXP or something. From the command line do the following:

1. sudo apt-get install motion
   
2. mkdir ~/.motion
   
3. sudo cp /etc/motion/motion.conf ~/.motion
   
4. sudo chown $USER ~/.motion/motion.conf
   
5. vim ~/.motion/motion.conf
   

Then you can just edit the conf to your liking. You can enable/disable things, capture movies, and a ton of other stuff that I don't really know much about. Or you can just copy and paste my config. I turned off the webserver and tweaked a few other things, but most of the stuff is the same. The one key line, is the line that calls the updateTwitter.pl script. My settings assume that your script is located at
~/motion/updateTwitter.pl.

# Rename this distribution example file to motion.conf
#
# This config file was generated by motion 3.2.9


############################################################
# Daemon
############################################################

# Start in daemon (background) mode and release terminal (default: off)
daemon off

# File to store the process ID, also called pid file. (default: not defined)
process_id_file /var/run/motion.pid

############################################################
# Basic Setup Mode
############################################################

# Start in Setup-Mode, daemon disabled. (default: off)
setup_mode off

###########################################################
# Capture device options
############################################################

# Videodevice to be used for capturing (default /dev/video0)
# for FreeBSD default is /dev/bktr0
videodevice /dev/video0

# Tuner device to be used for capturing using tuner as source (default /dev/tuner0)
# This is ONLY used for FreeBSD. Leave it commented out for Linux
; tunerdevice /dev/tuner0

# The video input to be used (default: 8)
# Should normally be set to 1 for video/TV cards, and 8 for USB cameras
input 8

# The video norm to use (only for video capture and TV tuner cards)
# Values: 0 (PAL), 1 (NTSC), 2 (SECAM), 3 (PAL NC no colour). Default: 0 (PAL)
norm 0

# The frequency to set the tuner to (kHz) (only for TV tuner cards) (default: 0)
frequency 0

# Rotate image this number of degrees. The rotation affects all saved images as
# well as mpeg movies. Valid values: 0 (default = no rotation), 90, 180 and 270.
rotate 0

# Image width (pixels). Valid range: Camera dependent, default: 352
width 640

# Image height (pixels). Valid range: Camera dependent, default: 288
height 480

# Maximum number of frames to be captured per second.
# Valid range: 2-100. Default: 100 (almost no limit).
framerate 100

# Minimum time in seconds between capturing picture frames from the camera.
# Default: 0 = disabled - the capture rate is given by the camera framerate.
# This option is used when you want to capture images at a rate lower than 2 per second.
minimum_frame_time 0

# URL to use if you are using a network camera, size will be autodetected (incl http:// ftp:// or file:///)
# Must be a URL that returns single jpeg pictures or a raw mjpeg stream. Default: Not defined
; netcam_url value

# Username and password for network camera (only if required). Default: not defined
# Syntax is user:password
; netcam_userpass value

# URL to use for a netcam proxy server, if required, e.g. "http://myproxy".
# If a port number other than 80 is needed, use "http://myproxy:1234".
# Default: not defined
; netcam_proxy value

# Let motion regulate the brightness of a video device (default: off).
# The auto_brightness feature uses the brightness option as its target value.
# If brightness is zero auto_brightness will adjust to average brightness value 128.
# Only recommended for cameras without auto brightness
auto_brightness off

# Set the initial brightness of a video device.
# If auto_brightness is enabled, this value defines the average brightness level
# which Motion will try and adjust to.
# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled
brightness 0

# Set the contrast of a video device.
# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled
contrast 0

# Set the saturation of a video device.
# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled
saturation 0

# Set the hue of a video device (NTSC feature).
# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled
hue 0


############################################################
# Round Robin (multiple inputs on same video device name)
############################################################

# Number of frames to capture in each roundrobin step (default: 1)
roundrobin_frames 1

# Number of frames to skip before each roundrobin step (default: 1)
roundrobin_skip 1

# Try to filter out noise generated by roundrobin (default: off)
switchfilter off


############################################################
# Motion Detection Settings:
############################################################

# Threshold for number of changed pixels in an image that
# triggers motion detection (default: 1500)
threshold 1500

# Automatically tune the threshold down if possible (default: off)
threshold_tune off

# Noise threshold for the motion detection (default: 32)
noise_level 32

# Automatically tune the noise threshold (default: on)
noise_tune on

# Enables motion to adjust its detection/noise level for very dark frames
# Don't use this with noise_tune on. (default: off)
night_compensate off

# Despeckle motion image using (e)rode or (d)ilate or (l)abel (Default: not defined)
# Recommended value is EedDl. Any combination (and number of) of E, e, d, and D is valid.
# (l)abeling must only be used once and the 'l' must be the last letter.
# Comment out to disable
despeckle EedDl

# PGM file to use as a sensitivity mask.
# Full path name to. (Default: not defined)
; mask_file value

# Dynamically create a mask file during operation (default: 0)
# Adjust speed of mask changes from 0 (off) to 10 (fast)
smart_mask_speed 0

# Ignore sudden massive light intensity changes given as a percentage of the picture
# area that changed intensity. Valid range: 0 - 100 , default: 0 = disabled
lightswitch 0

# Picture frames must contain motion at least the specified number of frames
# in a row before they are detected as true motion. At the default of 1, all
# motion is detected. Valid range: 1 to thousands, recommended 1-5
minimum_motion_frames 1

# Specifies the number of pre-captured (buffered) pictures from before motion
# was detected that will be output at motion detection.
# Recommended range: 0 to 5 (default: 0)
# Do not use large values! Large values will cause Motion to skip video frames and
# cause unsmooth mpegs. To smooth mpegs use larger values of post_capture instead.
pre_capture 0

# Number of frames to capture after motion is no longer detected (default: 0)
post_capture 0

# Gap is the seconds of no motion detection that triggers the end of an event
# An event is defined as a series of motion images taken within a short timeframe.
# Recommended value is 60 seconds (Default). The value 0 is allowed and disables
# events causing all Motion to be written to one single mpeg file and no pre_capture.
gap 60

# Maximum length in seconds of an mpeg movie
# When value is exceeded a new mpeg file is created. (Default: 0 = infinite)
max_mpeg_time 0

# Number of frames per second to capture when not detecting
# motion (saves CPU load) (Default: 0 = disabled)
low_cpu 0

# Always save images even if there was no motion (default: off)
output_all off


############################################################
# Image File Output
############################################################

# Output 'normal' pictures when motion is detected (default: on)
# Valid values: on, off, first, best
# When set to 'first', only the first picture of an event is saved.
# Picture with most motion of an event is saved when set to 'best'.
# Can be used as preview shot for the corresponding movie.
output_normal on

# Output pictures with only the pixels moving object (ghost images) (default: off)
output_motion off

# The quality (in percent) to be used by the jpeg compression (default: 75)
quality 100

# Output ppm images instead of jpeg (default: off)
ppm off


############################################################
# FFMPEG related options
# Film (mpeg) file output, and deinterlacing of the video input
# The options movie_filename and timelapse_filename are also used
# by the ffmpeg feature
############################################################

# Use ffmpeg to encode mpeg movies in realtime (default: off)
ffmpeg_cap_new off

# Use ffmpeg to make movies with only the pixels moving
# object (ghost images) (default: off)
ffmpeg_cap_motion off

# Use ffmpeg to encode a timelapse movie
# Default value 0 = off - else save frame every Nth second
ffmpeg_timelapse 0

# The file rollover mode of the timelapse video
# Valid values: hourly, daily (default), weekly-sunday, weekly-monday, monthly, manual
ffmpeg_timelapse_mode daily

# Bitrate to be used by the ffmpeg encoder (default: 400000)
# This option is ignored if ffmpeg_variable_bitrate is not 0 (disabled)
ffmpeg_bps 500000

# Enables and defines variable bitrate for the ffmpeg encoder.
# ffmpeg_bps is ignored if variable bitrate is enabled.
# Valid values: 0 (default) = fixed bitrate defined by ffmpeg_bps,
# or the range 2 - 31 where 2 means best quality and 31 is worst.
ffmpeg_variable_bitrate 0

# Codec to used by ffmpeg for the video compression.
# Timelapse mpegs are always made in mpeg1 format independent from this option.
# Supported formats are: mpeg1 (ffmpeg-0.4.8 only), mpeg4 (default), and msmpeg4.
# mpeg1 - gives you files with extension .mpg
# mpeg4 or msmpeg4 - give you files with extension .avi
# msmpeg4 is recommended for use with Windows Media Player because
# it requires no installation of codec on the Windows client.
# swf - gives you a flash film with extension .swf
# flv - gives you a flash video with extension .flv
# ffv1 - FF video codec 1 for Lossless Encoding ( experimental )
ffmpeg_video_codec swf

# Use ffmpeg to deinterlace video. Necessary if you use an analog camera
# and see horizontal combing on moving objects in video or pictures.
# (default: off)
ffmpeg_deinterlace off


############################################################
# Snapshots (Traditional Periodic Webcam File Output)
############################################################

# Make automated snapshot every N seconds (default: 0 = disabled)
snapshot_interval 0


############################################################
# Text Display
# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,
# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second, %T = HH:MM:SS,
# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,
# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level, \n = new line,
# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,
# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center
# %C = value defined by text_event - do not use with text_event!
# You can put quotation marks around the text to allow
# leading spaces
############################################################

# Locate and draw a box around the moving object.
# Valid values: on, off and preview (default: off)
# Set to 'preview' will only draw a box in preview_shot pictures.
locate off

# Draws the timestamp using same options as C function strftime(3)
# Default: %Y-%m-%d\n%T = date in ISO format and time in 24 hour clock
# Text is placed in lower right corner
text_right %Y-%m-%d\n%T-%q

# Draw a user defined text on the images using same options as C function strftime(3)
# Default: Not defined = no text
# Text is placed in lower left corner
text_left "Living Room"

# Draw the number of changed pixed on the images (default: off)
# Will normally be set to off except when you setup and adjust the motion settings
# Text is placed in upper right corner
text_changes off

# This option defines the value of the special event conversion specifier %C
# You can use any conversion specifier in this option except %C. Date and time
# values are from the timestamp of the first image in the current event.
# Default: %Y%m%d%H%M%S
# The idea is that %C can be used filenames and text_left/right for creating
# a unique identifier for each event.
; text_event %Y%m%d%H%M%S

# Draw characters at twice normal size on images. (default: off)
text_double on


############################################################
# Target Directories and filenames For Images And Films
# For the options snapshot_, jpeg_, mpeg_ and timelapse_filename
# you can use conversion specifiers
# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,
# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second,
# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,
# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level,
# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,
# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center
# %C = value defined by text_event
# Quotation marks round string are allowed.
############################################################

# Target base directory for pictures and films
# Recommended to use absolute path. (Default: current working directory)
target_dir .

# File path for snapshots (jpeg or ppm) relative to target_dir
# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-snapshot
# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option
# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H/%M/%S-snapshot
# File extension .jpg or .ppm is automatically added so do not include this.
# Note: A symbolic link called lastsnap.jpg created in the target_dir will always
# point to the latest snapshot, unless snapshot_filename is exactly 'lastsnap'
snapshot_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-snapshot

# File path for motion triggered images (jpeg or ppm) relative to target_dir
# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-%q
# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option
# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H/%M/%S-%q
# File extension .jpg or .ppm is automatically added so do not include this
# Set to 'preview' together with best-preview feature enables special naming
# convention for preview shots. See motion guide for details
jpeg_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-%q

# File path for motion triggered ffmpeg films (mpeg) relative to target_dir
# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S
# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option
# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H%M%S
# File extension .mpg or .avi is automatically added so do not include this
# This option was previously called ffmpeg_filename
movie_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S

# File path for timelapse mpegs relative to target_dir
# Default: %Y%m%d-timelapse
# Default value is near equivalent to legacy oldlayout option
# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d-timelapse
# File extension .mpg is automatically added so do not include this
timelapse_filename %Y%m%d-timelapse


############################################################
# Live Webcam Server
############################################################

# The mini-http server listens to this port for requests (default: 0 = disabled)
webcam_port 0

# Quality of the jpeg images produced (default: 50)
webcam_quality 50

# Output frames at 1 fps when no motion is detected and increase to the
# rate given by webcam_maxrate when motion is detected (default: off)
webcam_motion off

# Maximum framerate for webcam streams (default: 1)
webcam_maxrate 1

# Restrict webcam connections to localhost only (default: on)
webcam_localhost on

# Limits the number of images per connection (default: 0 = unlimited)
# Number can be defined by multiplying actual webcam rate by desired number of seconds
# Actual webcam rate is the smallest of the numbers framerate and webcam_maxrate
webcam_limit 0


############################################################
# HTTP Based Control
############################################################

# TCP/IP port for the http server to listen on (default: 0 = disabled)
control_port 0

# Restrict control connections to localhost only (default: on)
control_localhost on

# Output for http server, select off to choose raw text plain (default: on)
control_html_output on

# Authentication for the http based control. Syntax username:password
# Default: not defined (Disabled)
; control_authentication username:password


############################################################
# Tracking (Pan/Tilt)
############################################################

# Type of tracker (0=none (default), 1=stepper, 2=iomojo, 3=pwc, 4=generic, 5=uvcvideo)
# The generic type enables the definition of motion center and motion size to
# be used with the conversion specifiers for options like on_motion_detected
track_type 0

# Enable auto tracking (default: off)
track_auto off

# Serial port of motor (default: none)
; track_port value

# Motor number for x-axis (default: -1)
track_motorx -1

# Motor number for y-axis (default: -1)
track_motory -1

# Maximum value on x-axis (default: 0)
track_maxx 0

# Maximum value on y-axis (default: 0)
track_maxy 0

# ID of an iomojo camera if used (default: 0)
track_iomojo_id 0

# Angle in degrees the camera moves per step on the X-axis
# with auto-track (default: 10)
# Currently only used with pwc type cameras
track_step_angle_x 10

# Angle in degrees the camera moves per step on the Y-axis
# with auto-track (default: 10)
# Currently only used with pwc type cameras
track_step_angle_y 10

# Delay to wait for after tracking movement as number
# of picture frames (default: 10)
track_move_wait 10

# Speed to set the motor to (stepper motor option) (default: 255)
track_speed 255

# Number of steps to make (stepper motor option) (default: 40)
track_stepsize 40


############################################################
# External Commands, Warnings and Logging:
# You can use conversion specifiers for the on_xxxx commands
# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,
# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second,
# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,
# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level,
# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,
# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center
# %C = value defined by text_event
# %f = filename with full path
# %n = number indicating filetype
# Both %f and %n are only defined for on_picture_save,
# on_movie_start and on_movie_end
# Quotation marks round string are allowed.
############################################################

# Do not sound beeps when detecting motion (default: on)
# Note: Motion never beeps when running in daemon mode.
quiet on

# Command to be executed when an event starts. (default: none)
# An event starts at first motion detected after a period of no motion defined by gap
; on_event_start value

# Command to be executed when an event ends after a period of no motion
# (default: none). The period of no motion is defined by option gap.
; on_event_end value

# Command to be executed when a picture (.ppm|.jpg) is saved (default: none)
# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f
on_picture_save perl /home/rtu/motion/updateTwitter.pl --picture %f

# Command to be executed when a motion frame is detected (default: none)
; on_motion_detected value

# Command to be executed when a movie file (.mpg|.avi) is created. (default: none)
# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f
; on_movie_start value

# Command to be executed when a movie file (.mpg|.avi) is closed. (default: none)
# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f
; on_movie_end value


############################################################
# Common Options For MySQL and PostgreSQL database features.
# Options require the MySQL/PostgreSQL options to be active also.
############################################################

# Log to the database when creating motion triggered image file (default: on)
sql_log_image off

# Log to the database when creating a snapshot image file (default: on)
sql_log_snapshot off

# Log to the database when creating motion triggered mpeg file (default: off)
sql_log_mpeg off

# Log to the database when creating timelapse mpeg file (default: off)
sql_log_timelapse off

# SQL query string that is sent to the database
# Use same conversion specifiers has for text features
# Additional special conversion specifiers are
# %n = the number representing the file_type
# %f = filename with full path
# Default value:
# insert into security(camera, filename, frame, file_type, time_stamp, text_event) values('%t', '%f', '%q', '%n', '%Y-%m-%d %T', '%C')
sql_query insert into security(camera, filename, frame, file_type, time_stamp, event_time_stamp) values('%t', '%f', '%q', '%n', '%Y-%m-%d %T', '%C')


############################################################
# Database Options For MySQL
############################################################

# Mysql database to log to (default: not defined)
; mysql_db value

# The host on which the database is located (default: localhost)
; mysql_host value

# User account name for MySQL database (default: not defined)
; mysql_user value

# User password for MySQL database (default: not defined)
; mysql_password value


############################################################
# Database Options For PostgreSQL
############################################################

# PostgreSQL database to log to (default: not defined)
; pgsql_db value

# The host on which the database is located (default: localhost)
; pgsql_host value

# User account name for PostgreSQL database (default: not defined)
; pgsql_user value

# User password for PostgreSQL database (default: not defined)
; pgsql_password value

# Port on which the PostgreSQL database is located (default: 5432)
; pgsql_port 5432


############################################################
# Video Loopback Device (vloopback project)
############################################################

# Output images to a video4linux loopback device
# The value '-' means next available (default: not defined)
; video_pipe value

# Output motion images to a video4linux loopback device
# The value '-' means next available (default: not defined)
; motion_video_pipe value


##############################################################
# Thread config files - One for each camera.
# Except if only one camera - You only need this config file.
# If you have more than one camera you MUST define one thread
# config file for each camera in addition to this config file.
##############################################################

# Remember: If you have more than one camera you must have one
# thread file for each camera. E.g. 2 cameras requires 3 files:
# This motion.conf file AND thread1.conf and thread2.conf.
# Only put the options that are unique to each camera in the
# thread config files.
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread1.conf
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread2.conf
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread3.conf
; thread /usr/local/etc/thread4.conf

This script will upload pictures very quickly to your twitter account, and spam the hell out of people when motion is found, so you'll need to adjust the frame rate/sensitivity.

iPhone time lapse

Because I have this ongoing obsession with time lapse, I'm always looking for more obscure ways to create time lapse video. This weeks challenge includes a little stitching (which I outlined in an earlier post), a home made iPhone stand, and an incense candle that my girlfriend likes to burn.

First I'd like to start with a quick review of the application that I used on the iPhone to capture the images appropriately named "TimeLapse". It has a standard, and fair price of .99 cents and works as advertised. It's made up of two pages that allow you to set the speed at which pictures are taken, frame your shot, and shoot your pictures. Below is a picture of the first screen you see after launching the app:



On this screen you can set the rate at which your pictures are taken, how many pictures you want to take, and what quality you want to shoot at.



I really liked everything about this app, and can really only say the one thing I didn't like was that, although you have the choice to try and take pictures every second, you can actually take pictures at about 10 second intervals. This is something the developer states upfront however, so it's hard to knock the app on that. I'm sure this is a hardware limitation anyway, so what can you do?

Now, before we get into the quick rundown on how to make the video, here is what I came up with. It's short and sweet and was really just a proof of concept.





Ok, here's what you need to do to make time lapse videos with your iPhone:

1. Install the TimeLapse application on your iPhone
   
2. Buy/create a tripod for your phone. I had an arm laying around from an old satellite radio, and here is what I came up with:
   
   
   
3. After securing your iPhone to the tripod (I did this in portrait mode, but I'd do it in landscape next time), put your phone in airplane mode so you don't get a call that messes up your shot.
   
4. Get plenty of lighting in place, set your timing to something reasonable (you may have to try a few times to get it just right), and then start the app
   
5. After letting the app run for the desired amount of time, stop and take the phone off the tripod and head to the computer
   
6. All you need to do now is plug the phone into the computer, and then access the pictures like any digital camera. On Windows, you can go to my computer, and you'll see the iPhone listed under cameras. On the Mac, you should be prompted to download them, and on Ubuntu, you'll be prompted as well.
   
7. Now all you need to do is stitch the pictures together using some software like ffmpeg. You can learn how to do that here
   

Anyway, if you're ever out and about and want to make a quick time lapse, fire up your iPhone and let it run...